Survey scales: a guide to development, analysis, and reporting

Author:

Johnson, Robert L. (Robert Lewis), 1958-

Publisher:

The Guilford Press

Publication Date:

[2016]

Language:

English

ASU Electronic Access

Pub. Date	Source	Publisher	Content Desc.	Availability
[2016]	ebrary	The Guilford Press	1 online resource	Available Online ASU Electronic Access	More Info Access Online

Subjects

Electronic books
Methodology
Quantitative research
Social surveys
Social surveys -- Methodology
Statistics

Description

"Synthesizing the literature from the survey and measurement fields, this book explains how to develop closed-response survey scales that will accurately capture such constructs as attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors. It provides guidelines to help applied researchers or graduate students review existing scales for possible adoption or adaptation in a study; create their own conceptual framework for a scale; write checklists, true-false variations, and Likert-style items; design response scales; examine validity and reliability; conduct a factor analysis; and document the instrument development and its technical quality. Advice is given on constructing tables and graphs to report survey scale results. Concepts and procedures are illustrated with "Not This/But This" examples from multiple disciplines. Pedagogical Features: *End-of-chapter exercises with sample solutions, plus annotated suggestions for further reading. *"Not This/But This" examples of poorly written and strong survey items. *Chapter-opening overviews and within-chapter summaries. *Glossary of key concepts. *Appendix with examples of parametric and nonparametric procedures for group comparisons"--
"Subject Areas/Keywords: assessment, design, instruments, item response scales, Likert scales, measurement, methodology, psychometrics, quantitative, research methods, scale development, survey scales, testing DESCRIPTION Synthesizing the literature from the survey and measurement fields, this book explains how to develop closed-response survey scales that will accurately capture such constructs as attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors. It provides guidelines to help applied researchers or graduate students review existing scales for possible adoption or adaptation in a study; create their own conceptual framework for a scale; write checklists, true-false variations, and Likert-style items; design response scales; examine validity and reliability; conduct a factor analysis; and document the instrument development and its technical quality. Advice is given on constructing tables and graphs to report survey scale results. Concepts and procedures are illustrated with "Not This/But This" examples from multiple disciplines"--

From the ebrary eBook
Cover
Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Contents
1. Scales in Surveys
Introduction
Closed-Response Items
Open-Response Items
An Overview of the Survey Scale Development Process
Establish the Purpose of a Survey
Define the Construct
Review Potential Instruments
Write Items and Response Scales
Format Survey and Determine the Administration Method
Submit the Survey Scale for Review
Field Test the Instrument and Investigate Item and Scale Quality
Document the Development of the Survey Scale
Attitudes, Knowledge, and Behaviors
Attitudes
Knowledge
Behaviors
Key Qualities of a Survey Scale: Reliability and Validity
Further Reading
Chapter Exercises
2. Adopting or Adapting an Existing Scale
Introduction
Reviewing Potential Instruments for Adoption or Adaptation
Clarify the Instrument's Purpose
Consider the Research Context
Review Journal Articles and Critiques
Request Copies of Instruments
Summarize Strengths and Weaknesses
Make a Decision about the Instrument
The Mental Measurements Yearbook: A Source for Reviews of Instruments
Test Entry
Description
Development
Technical Qualities
Reviewer Commentary
Summary
Plagiarism and Copyright Infringement
Plagiarism
Copyright Infringement
Further Reading
Chapter Exercises
3. Establishing a Framework for the Development of a Survey Scale
Introduction
Model
Narrative
Elements and Format
Functions of the Conceptual Framework in the Development of a Survey Scale
Construction of a Conceptual Framework
Review the Literature
Construct a Model for the Framework
Write the Narrative for the Framework
Refine the Framework
Further Reading
Chapter Exercises
4. Item-Writing Guidelines
Introduction
Addressing Relevance.
The Construct of Interest
Logically Related to the Construct
Multiple Items
Crossover
Concrete and Precise
Item and Word Relevance
Objectivity
Addressing Audience
Cognitive Skills and Communication
Sufficient Information
Recall of Information
Representation of Diversity
Addressing Language
Language Understood by Respondents
Current Language
Multiple-Meaning Words
Choices about Words
Abstractions
Reading Demands
Addressing Item Structure
Brevity
Complete Sentences
Single Idea
Positive Wording
Qualifying Phrases
Eliminating Repetitive Phrasing
Addressing Conventions
Language Conventions
Typographical Errors
Guidelines Specific to Item type
Guidelines Specific to Knowledge-Based Items
Guidelines for Items about Behaviors
Guidelines for Items about Demographics (Personal Background)
Number of Items
Further Reading
Chapter Exercises
5. Development of Response Scales
Introduction
Length of the Item Response Scale
Scale Length and Purpose
Statistical Analyses to Be Used with Data
Respondents' Discrimination Capability
Respondent Preferences
Numeric and Verbal Response Labels
Numeric and Verbal Labels
Labels for Response Categories
Labels and the Purpose of the Scale
Labels for Two Endpoints That Mean the Opposite of Each Other
Positive Integers for Numeric Labels
The Effect of Bias and Scale Extremes
Labels to Reflect Equal Intervals along a Continuum
Order of Response Scales: Negative to Positive
Response Options in a Logical Order
The Questionable Middle Position
Even Number of Response Categories to Avoid Neutral Responses
Odd Number of Response Categories for Quality or to Support the Status Quo
Moderating Options When Using a Middle Option
"Don't Know" and "No Opinion."
DK and Unfamiliar Options
Nonsubstantive Options Set Apart from the Other Response Options
Further Reading
Chapter Exercises
6. Formatting and Reviewing
Introduction
Survey Format and Administration Method
Cost
Timeframe
Number of Respondents
Writing Demands
Attractive Protocol
Follow-Up on a Response
Anonymity/Confidentiality
Data Entry
Item Formats Specific to Administration Methods
Equal Spacing of the Response Options on Print and Web Surveys
Each Item on Its Own Screen: Computer-Based Surveys
Radio Buttons for Responding on Web-Based Surveys
Horizontally Positioning Response Scales on Print and Web Surveys
Color and the Continuum of the Response Scale
Complete Reviews and a Pilot of the Survey Scale
Subject Matter Expert Review
Survey Methodologist Review
Translator Review
Editorial Review
Bias Review
Conducting a Pilot Test
Further Reading
Chapter Exercises
7. Analysis of Survey Scale Data
Introduction
Levels of Measurement
Nominal Data
Ordinal Data
Interval Data
Ratio Data
Frequencies
Measures of Central tendency
Mode
Median
Mean
Measures of Variability
Range
Variance
Standard Deviation
Measures of Association
Scatterplots
Pearson Correlation
Spearman's Rho
Obtaining Descriptive Statistics
Item Statistics
Inter-Item Correlations
Further Reading
Chapter Exercises
8. Investigating Scale Quality
Introduction
Coverage Error
Sampling Error
Nonresponse Error
Measurement Error
Field Testing
Response Distributions: Item Quality
Frequencies
Mean and Standard Deviation
Total Score
Corrected Item-Total Correlation
Analyses by Group
Analyses for Knowledge Items
Investigating Reliability
Internal Consistency Estimates of Reliability.
Coefficient of Stability
Parallel Forms Reliability Estimates
Evaluating Reliability Estimates
Investigating Validity
Forms of Validity Evidence
Further Reading
Chapter Exercises
9. Factor Analysis
Introduction
General Purposes and Processes Associated with Factor-Analytic Procedures
Testing Assumptions
Dimensionality
Unidimensionality
Multidimensionality
Extraction: Principal Axis Factoring
Determining the Number of Factors (Model Selection)
Eigenvalues
Scree Plot
Parallel Analysis
Reproduced Residual Matrix
Factor Loadings
Rotation
How to Interpret Factor Solutions
Calculating Factor Scores
Sample Size
Steps after EFA
How to Obtain an EFA Model
Further Reading
Chapter Exercises
10. Documenting the Development of the Survey Scale
Introduction
Determining the Need for a Data Display
Developing Tables
Table Structure
Organization of the Table
Emphasis on the Most Important Pattern
Placement of the Columns
Use of Space
Information to Include in a Table
Consistent Format of Comparable Tables
Table Data
Presentation of Data in Columns
The Order of Statistics
Column and Row Overall Statistics
Rounding to Two Place Values
Reporting Statistics for Negatively Worded Items
Developing Graphs
Structure of a Graph
Choice of a Bar Graph or a Line Graph
x-Axis and y-Axis Labels
Vertical and Horizontal Values for the Scale Axes
Need for Gridlines
Legends
Number of Bars and Lines
Shading
Graphs to Avoid
Organization of Data in a Graph
Ordering Bars and Lines to Highlight Important Patterns
Location of Statistics
Narrative about table or Graph
Concluding Thoughts
Further Reading
Chapter Exercises
Appendix. Analysis of Data: Inferential Statistics
Introduction
Sampling.
Inferential Statistics
Hypothesis Testing
Confidence Intervals
Effect Size
Inferential Procedures
One-Sample t-Test
Dependent-Samples t-Test
Independent-Samples t-Test
One-Way Analysis of Variance
Nonparametric Inferential Statistics
Mann-Whitney U Test
Kruskal-Wallis One-Way Analysis of Variance
Further Reading
Appendix Exercises
Glossary of Key Terms
Sample Solutions to Chapter Exercises
References
Author Index
Subject Index
About the Authors.

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Contributors:

Morgan, Grant B.,author

ISBN:

9781462526994

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Grouping Information

Grouped Work ID	4d8466ce-b812-e65c-2cc1-1867306f1745
Grouping Title	survey scales a guide to development analysis and reporting
Grouping Author	robert l johnson
Grouping Category	book
Grouping Language	English (eng)
Last Grouping Update	2024-10-28 07:55:03AM
Last Indexed	2024-11-23 00:32:32AM

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Morgan, Grant B.

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Johnson, Robert L. (Robert Lewis), 1958-

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Morgan, Grant B.,author

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Johnson, Robert L.

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ASU Electronic Access

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ebrary

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ASU Electronic Access

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"Synthesizing the literature from the survey and measurement fields, this book explains how to develop closed-response survey scales that will accurately capture such constructs as attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors. It provides guidelines to help applied researchers or graduate students review existing scales for possible adoption or adaptation in a study; create their own conceptual framework for a scale; write checklists, true-false variations, and Likert-style items; design response scales; examine validity and reliability; conduct a factor analysis; and document the instrument development and its technical quality. Advice is given on constructing tables and graphs to report survey scale results. Concepts and procedures are illustrated with "Not This/But This" examples from multiple disciplines. Pedagogical Features: *End-of-chapter exercises with sample solutions, plus annotated suggestions for further reading. *"Not This/But This" examples of poorly written and strong survey items. *Chapter-opening overviews and within-chapter summaries. *Glossary of key concepts. *Appendix with examples of parametric and nonparametric procedures for group comparisons"-- "Subject Areas/Keywords: assessment, design, instruments, item response scales, Likert scales, measurement, methodology, psychometrics, quantitative, research methods, scale development, survey scales, testing DESCRIPTION Synthesizing the literature from the survey and measurement fields, this book explains how to develop closed-response survey scales that will accurately capture such constructs as attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors. It provides guidelines to help applied researchers or graduate students review existing scales for possible adoption or adaptation in a study; create their own conceptual framework for a scale; write checklists, true-false variations, and Likert-style items; design response scales; examine validity and reliability; conduct a factor analysis; and document the instrument development and its technical quality. Advice is given on constructing tables and graphs to report survey scale results. Concepts and procedures are illustrated with "Not This/But This" examples from multiple disciplines"--

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eBook

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Adams State University Online

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ASU Electronic Access

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9781462526994

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2016

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The Guilford Press

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Electronic books
Quantitative research
Social surveys -- Methodology
Statistics

title_display

Survey scales : a guide to development, analysis, and reporting

title_full

Survey scales : a guide to development, analysis, and reporting / Robert L. Johnson, Grant B. Morgan

title_short

Survey scales

title_sub

a guide to development, analysis, and reporting

topic_facet

Methodology
Quantitative research
Social surveys
Statistics

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Survey scales: a guide to development, analysis, and reporting

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